Zummāra (gender unknown)
(with) definite article: ?original: [compare الزصمارة (Hickmann)] زمار
Hornpipe without a mouthpiece: double chanter (no drone), no bell / idioglot single reeds: up-cut
Generic name for several types of double-clarinet; A corruption of Zammāra; In instruments of this type, the equal notes on the left and right hand pipes usually differ (purposely) slightly in pitch, in order to intensify the sound; = Pipëza (Albania); NB: ➺ Maït, Yarul.
The cane pipes (tied together with waxed yarn) can be of equal length with a slightly different Ø, or of slightly different length (same Ø).
Zummāra arbāuia (~ arbawija), Zummāra khamsauia (~ chamsāwija), Zummāra sabauia, Zummāra settauia (~ sattawija)
Sachs, Curt: Real-Lexikon der Musikinstrumente: zugleich ein Polyglossar für das gesamte Instrumentengebiet [Berlin, 1913]. Hildesheim, 1964 [facsimile] (Zummâra).
Leydi, Roberto: La zampogna in Europa. Como, 1979, p.183.
Meer, John Henry van der: Typologie der Sackpfeife. In: Anz. Germ. Nationalmus. (Nürnberg, 1964), p.127 (Zummara).
Sachs, Curt: The history of musical instruments. New York, 1940, p.92 (Zummâra).
Marcuse, Sibyl: Musical instruments: a comprehensive dictionary. New York, 1975 (»Grove, 5th ed.; »MGG (Hickmann); »Sachs, History).
Lièvre, Viviane: Danses du Maghreb, d'une rive à l'autre [Dances of the Maghreb, from one shore to the other]. Paris, 1987, p.161 (Zummara).